Textile yarns and fabrics and method of making same



Patented June 2, 1936 units!) STATES TEXTILE YARNS AND FABRICS AND METHOD OF MAKING SAME William Whitehead, Cumberland, Ma, assignor to Celanese Corporation of America, a corporation of Delaware No Drawing. Application March 2, 1934,

I Serial No. 713,784

11 Claims.

controlled that they are fugitive ,or permanent to light and scour.

Another object of the invention is an improved printing. paste for textile fabrics. Other objects of the invention will appear from the following detailed description.

I have found that by applying to a yarn a suitable coating, comprising a solution of a coloring material in a lubricant, said solution being formed by the aid of sulphonated bodies, that I produce yarn which may be more easily processed, that is, wound, twisted and formed into fabrics.

I have also found that such a solution scours readily from the yarn or fabric in either hot or cold baths, thus reducing the yarn to its original color or that if desired the color in the solution may be made to afiix itself permanently in a light and scour fast manner to the yarn.

- I have also found that such a solution is exceptionally well adapted as a printing material on fabrics.

By treating yarns and filaments with such a solution, it is possible to identify throughout the processing steps yarns or filaments of various denier, twist or composition. Thus, in forming yarns or filaments of organic derivatives of cellulose, it is possible to coat thesame as they leave the spinning cabinet with selected tints or fugitive colors, such, that thereafter and until formed into a finished fabric, they may be identified readily by sight as-to the composition of the spinning solution from which they were formed, the size denier to which they were formed and as to other qualities difiicult to ascertain by sight and by non-experts in the art. The yarns and filaments may be tinted from a lubricant that holds the dye in a finely dispersed condition thus the color imparted to the yarn is uniform throughout the length of the yarn and is of an exceedingly deep shade for the quantity of coloring material used. v

The lubricating qualities of the coating makes it possible to apply the sameat the spinning cabinet and immediately wind by the cap spinning method. Furthermore, no future lubrication is necessary. In the yarn treated according to this invention, the coloring material is so finely dispersed, if not dissolved, in the oil that it does not gum or otherwise clog in guides and like parts of the processing devices.

A great advantage is found in this invention in that any of. the coloring materials after being applied to the yarns or filaments may be left in such a state that they are fugitive or they may be treated in a simple non-hazardous way, such that they become permanent and are fast to both light and scouring. By this invention yarns and filaments may be permanently dyed during any winding operation and without subjecting same to aqueous baths or handling while in hanks thus reducing possible ent'angling of the filaments and the uneven dyeing experienced in hank dyeing.

Yarns lubricated and colored according to this invention circular knit with a good stitch shape.

According to this invention any dye or color having an a ffinity for the material to be coated is dissolved by means of a sulphonated body in an oil or similar lubricant and applied to the yarn by means of a wick or similar furnishing device or to fabrics by means of pads, printing presses and similar devices. This coloring material is fugitive and easily scoured free of the material in cold or hot baths. If the yarn or fabric being treated-is wool the bath must not be acid when an acid dye is used, or the dye will become fast on the wool. If the dyestufi has an afiinityfor the textile material, fast colorations may be imparted by steaming, or in the case of acid dyes in connection with wool or silk by treating with an acid or acid vapor.

The sulphonated oil may be made by sulphonating naphthenes and like bodies occurring in mineral oil or the sulphonated oil may be formed from mineral oils and the residues of distillation of mineral oils or by sulphonating fractions of mineral oils that have been sulphonated in a somewhat pure state or in the presence of fatty acids. These sulphonated oils have pronounced solvent power for many dyestuffs especially the acid azo colors and both the water-insoluble and water-soluble dyes that have an affinity for organic derivatives of cellulose. The sulphonated naphthenes themselves are viscous, tacky bodies unsuitable for lubrication of yarns but they are readily soluble in oils such as mineral oil, petroleum jelly, olive oil, cotton seed oil and like oils which are suitable for textile operations as lubricants for yarns. The mixture appears to be permanently'stable and does not separate out upon long standing and cannot be separated by filtration or centrifuging.

Any suitable dyestufi may be used. By means of the sulphonated bodies the water-soluble dyes are dissolved in oil. The acid azo dyes lend themselves exceptionally well to this invention when a fugitive color is to be imparted to organic derivative of cellulose yarn. Further any insoluble or difliculty soluble coloring matter or organic compound having an afiinity for cellulose ester or ether material under treatment or capable of coloring the same may be utilized for the purpose of the present process in dyeing or tinting cellulose derivatives. In the case of dyeing by the azoic or development process either the base, the developer or both may be applied according to this invention by the aid of the new dispersing, s'olubilizing and carrying agents. As instances of suitable coloring bodies may be mentioned the coloring matters or organic compounds or classes of coloring matters or compounds referred to in U. S. Patents Nos. 1,618,413, 1,545,819, 1,600,277, 1,641,965, 1,618,415, 1,694,414, 1,679,935, and 1,989,133 and British Patent Nos. 239,470 and 283,081, the matters referred to in U. S. application S. No, 287,646 filed June 22, 1928, containing one or more keto-acidyl groups and particularly acetoacetyl groups, the nitro-diarylamines specified in U. S. application S. No. 311,252 of Oct. 8, 1928, the unsulphonated thiazole derivatives of U. S. Patent No. 1,871,673, the azo dyes containing the xanthene or thioxanthene nucleus of U. S. application S. No. 323,211 filed Dec. 1, 1928 and the azo dyes of U. S. application S. No. 297,098 filed Aug. 2, 1928 containing the anthraquinone nucleus.

This invention is applicable to the dyeing or tinting of all types of yarns and fabrics. It is especially adapted, however, to the dyeing and/or tinting of yarns and fabrics artificially formed from cellulose such as the organic esters or ethers of cellulose, nitrated celluloses and regenerated celluloses. Examples of organic esters of cellulose are cellulose acetate, cellulose formate, cellulose propionate and cellulose butyrate while examples of organic ethers of cellulose are ethyl cellulose, methyl cellulose and benzyl cellulose.

If the yarns are formed synthetically they may contain any. of the effect materials such as pigments, filling materials, fire retardants, plasticizers and sizes. These effect materials may be incorporated with the yarns by being included in the spinning solution from which the yarns are spun or they may be added to the yarn by means of swelling agents and/or heat and pressure.

This invention is applicable to the treatment of yarns or filaments, under which terms are included, threads, assemblies or bundles of a v number of continuous filaments which may be in parallel relationship or which may be twisted together, artificial bristles, straws, short lengths of staple fibres, yarn spun from such staple fibres and foils.

The yarns lubricated and colored according to this invention may be, processed by any process into fabrics prior to being scoured free of such coating or prior to having the color converted from a fugitive color to a permanent dye. Thus the yarns may be woven, circular knitted, warp knitted, netted, knotted and braided.

The yarns may be treated with the mixture of lubricant and coloring matter in any winding operation. It is of a particular value in that it may be applied prior to the initial winding operation, that is, for artificial yarns it may be applied as the yarn leaves the spinning cabinet of a device that spins the yarn by either a wet or dry method of spinning. The mixture may be applied tothe yarn at subsequent winding operations such as in a hanking, twisting or warping operation.

The mixture or solution of sulphonated naphthenes or sulphonated oils, color and a fluid oil may be applied to the yarn by a wick, a disc, a furnishing roller, a grooved roller or other furnishing device without separation. There are no volatile materials present in the mixture therefore there is no change in concentration and by the ordinary adjustments of the furnishing device there is supplied to the yarn a uniform coat of the material throughout the length of the yarn. The yarn may also be drawn through the solution or be sprayed with the solution.

This invention lends itself to the printing of fabrics. By limiting the amount of lubricating material and/or by incorporating materials for increasing the viscosity in the solution there is formed a viscous slightly tacky paste that may be applied to fabrics by means of printing presses, padding devices, engraved rollers, brushing or spraying'with or without the aid of stencils or other blocking means. The fabric thus treated or yarn containing the coating acquire the color material permanently when subjected to steam or heat when a dyestuff having an ailinity for the same is used. Thus to permanently color the fabric or parts thereof that are coated with the paste and to convert the fugitive color on yarn to a dye the fabric or yarn is passed through a steam chamber or if the material treated is an animal fibre by subjecting same to an acid or acid vapor treatment when an acid dye is used.

In printing fabrics, the same amount of material is used as normally with other dyes and coloring material. In the application to yarn the amount applied will depend upon the type of yarn, the purpose for which the yarn is intended and like factors. It is found that for general purposes, the yarn being formed of an organic derivative of cellulose, that from 2 to 8% on the weight of the yarn, is sufficient. The variation between 2 to 8% will depend upon the amount of coloring matter in the solution, the amount of sulphonated bodies, which are somewhat tacky, and the amount of oil or lubricant present.

The colored oil thus applied to the yarn or fabric, which has not been converted to the permanent type of color, may be removed with extreme ease. The presence of the sulphonated bodies in the mineral oil renders such mineral oil easily emulsifiable in water, soap solution or other normal scour baths.

It is found to be of advantage to incorporate a little free fatty acid, such as oleic, stearic or palmitic acid, in the oil mixture such as 4 or 5% on the weight of the sulphonated. base employed. The addition of the free fatty acid renders the emulsification of the oil still more easy, particularly when scoured in the presence of soap or alkali.

While oils have been specified as-a solvent for the sulphonated bodies that contain a coloring matter, other lubricants may be used. Fats, for example, olein and stearin may be employed alone or as an aid to the oil to act as the lubricant. Solid fatty acids such as palmitic acid may also be employed, it only being necessary that such solid fats or fatty acids are applied molten to the yarn or fabric. Similarly, greases and waxes may be employed in a similar manner. When the mixture is applied from a molten solution however the coloring matter is not entirely fugitive in ordinary baths.

If it is desired merely to lubricate or condition the yarns without imparting color thereto. the

dyes or coloring matter may be omitted from the compositions herein described.

By way of further describing the invention the following specific examples are given.

Example I In 20 parts of a sulphonated naphthene is dissolved 4 parts by weight of a color material comprising the sodium salt of dibenzyltetraethyl-triamino-triphenylcarbinol disulphonic acid anhydride (Color Index No. 698) This solution is then dissolved in parts by weight of a light mineral oil ('75 Saybolt at F.). This solution is then applied to any yarn or like material in any manufacturing or winding process. For general purposes of lubrication and identification amounts of 2 to 5% oil on the weight of the yarn is sufiicient. This solution may also be employed for marking fabrics, the ends of bobbins, bolts of material or any textile materials for means of identification.

The yarns or fabrics so marked or lubricated scour completely free of color even in cold water, and such yarns or fabrics if containing filaments of a protein or proteid nature such as real silk, wool or like animal fibre do not become permanently dyed with such color unless the securing takes place in an acid bath.

Where, however, it is desired to dye permanently such animal fibres, yarns and fabrics it may be done by treating said material with acid vapors or including in a padding preparation an acid such as HCl or CHaCOOH.

Example II Example I is repeated using as the coloring material acid green (Color Index No. 666). The results are substantially the same as in Example I except the yarn or fabric is colored green.

Example III Example I is repeated using as the coloring material the calcium salt of the disulphonic acid of m-hydroxy-dlbenzyl-diethyldiamino triphenylcarbinol anhydride (Color Index No. 714) This solution behaves similarly to that of Example I. Similarly Erioglaucine (Color Index No. 671) may beused.

Example IV In 20 parts of a sulphonated naphthene 2 to 3 parts of a coloring material, such as referred to in the preceding examples, is dissolved. To 10 parts of the solution is added 80 parts of an oil such as olive oil, cotton seed oil and the like. This is applied to a yarn during a winding operation by means of a wick.

Example V A printing paste is prepared as follows:

Parts Olive oil 60 sulphonated base a 40 Oleic acid 2 Color (1 .hydroxy-4-aminoanthraquinone) 3 therein, without departing from the spirit of my invention.

Having described my invention, what I desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

1. Process for the production of colorations on textile materials, which comprises applying to the said materials a solution of a coloring matter in a lubricant containing a sulphonated naphtheme.

2. Process for the production of colorations on textile materials containing organic derivatives of cellulose, which comprises applying to the said materials a solution of a coloring matter in a lubricant containing a sulphonated naphthene.

3. Process for the production of colorations on textile materials containing cellulose acetate, which comprises applying to the said materials a solution of a coloring matter in a lubricant-containing a sulphonated naphthene.

4. Process for the production of colorations on textile materials containing organic derivatives of cellulose, which comprises applying to the said materials a solution of an acid azo color in a lubricant containing a sulphonated naphthene.

5. Process for the production of colorations on textile materials containing cellulose acetate, which comprises applying to the said materials a solution of an acid azo color in a lubricant containing a sulphonated naphthene.

6. Process for the production of colorations on textile materials containing organic derivatives of cellulosee, which comprises applying to the said materials a solution of a coloring matter in a lubricant containing a sulphonated naphthene and then fixing the coloring matter on the mate- 3 rial.

7. Process for the production of colorations on textile materials containing cellulose acetate, which comprises applying to the said materials a solution of a coloring matter in a lubricant containing a sulphonated naphthene and then fixing the coloring matter on the material.

8. Process for the production of colorations on textile materials containing organic derivatives of cellulose, which comprises applying to the said materials a solution of a coloring matter in a lubricant containing a sulphonated naphthene and then fixing the coloring matter on the material by the action of steam.

9. Process for the production of colorations on textile materials containing cellulose acetate, which comprises applying to the said materials a solution of a coloring matter in a lubricant containing a sulphonated naphthene and then fixing the coloring matter on the material by the action of steam.

10. Process for the production of colorations on textile materials containing organic derivatives of cellulose, which comprises applying to the said materials a solution of a coloring matter in a inbricant containing a sulphonated naphthene, fixing the coloring matter on the material and then scouring the same.

11. Process for the production of colorations on textile materials containing cellulose acetate, which comprises applying to the said materials a solution of a coloring matter in a lubricant containing a, sulphonated naphthene, fixing the coloring matter on the material and then scouring the same.

WILLIAM VlHlTEI-IEAD. 

